{
  "format_version": 3,
  "claim_formal": {
    "subject": "UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (November 29, 1947)",
    "sub_claims": [
      {
        "id": "SC1",
        "property": "Percentage of Mandatory Palestine territory allocated to proposed Jewish state",
        "operator": ">=",
        "threshold": 56.0,
        "operator_note": "'56 percent' interpreted as >= 56.0 (at least 56 percent). The actual figure is 56.47%, which meets this threshold. The claim would be FALSE only if the Jewish state received < 56% of total territory."
      },
      {
        "id": "SC2",
        "property": "Jewish population as percentage of total Mandatory Palestine population circa 1947",
        "operator": "<",
        "threshold": 33.0,
        "operator_note": "'less than 33 percent' interpreted strictly as < 33.0. TERMINOLOGY NOTE: The claim refers to a '1947 British census' but no formal census was conducted in 1947 \u2014 the last British census of Palestine was 1931. Population figures for Resolution 181 were based on British Mandate estimates derived from the 1931 census, updated via immigration records and the Village Statistics 1945 survey. SC2 is evaluated using 1946 British Mandate estimates (608,225 Jews / 1,845,559 total = 32.96%), which are the figures cited in historical sources as the demographic context for Resolution 181."
      }
    ],
    "compound_operator": "AND",
    "operator_note": "Both SC1 and SC2 must hold for the compound claim to be PROVED."
  },
  "claim_natural": "The UN Partition Plan Resolution 181 allocated 56 percent of Mandatory Palestine to the proposed Jewish state while Jews constituted less than 33 percent of the population according to the 1947 British census.",
  "evidence": {
    "B1": {
      "type": "empirical",
      "label": "Britannica: Jewish state = 15,264 km\u00b2 (56.47%) under Resolution 181",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "source": {
        "name": "Encyclopaedia Britannica: United Nations Resolution 181",
        "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-181",
        "quote": "The Arab state was to have a territory of 11,592 square kilometres, or 42.88 percent of the Mandate's territory, and the Jewish state a territory of 15,264 square kilometres, or 56.47 percent."
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "not_found",
        "method": null,
        "coverage_pct": null,
        "fetch_mode": "live",
        "credibility": {
          "domain": "britannica.com",
          "source_type": "reference",
          "tier": 3,
          "flags": [],
          "note": "Established reference source"
        }
      },
      "extraction": {
        "value": "56.47",
        "value_in_quote": true,
        "quote_snippet": "56.47"
      }
    },
    "B2": {
      "type": "empirical",
      "label": "Wikipedia (Partition Plan): Jewish state territory and percentage (independent source)",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "source": {
        "name": "Wikipedia: United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine (territorial allocation)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine",
        "quote": "15,264"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "verified",
        "method": "full_quote",
        "coverage_pct": null,
        "fetch_mode": "live",
        "credibility": {
          "domain": "wikipedia.org",
          "source_type": "reference",
          "tier": 3,
          "flags": [],
          "note": "Established reference source"
        }
      },
      "extraction": {
        "value": "56.47",
        "value_in_quote": true,
        "quote_snippet": "56.47"
      }
    },
    "B3": {
      "type": "empirical",
      "label": "Wikipedia (Partition Plan): 1946 population total 1,845,559; Jewish 608,225",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "source": {
        "name": "Wikipedia: United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine (1946 population section)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine",
        "quote": "608,225"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "verified",
        "method": "full_quote",
        "coverage_pct": null,
        "fetch_mode": "live",
        "credibility": {
          "domain": "wikipedia.org",
          "source_type": "reference",
          "tier": 3,
          "flags": [],
          "note": "Established reference source"
        }
      },
      "extraction": {
        "value": "608225",
        "value_in_quote": true,
        "quote_snippet": "608,225"
      }
    },
    "B4": {
      "type": "empirical",
      "label": "Wikipedia (Demographic history of Palestine): 1946 Jewish population 608,225",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "source": {
        "name": "Wikipedia: Demographic history of Palestine region (1946 figures)",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)",
        "quote": "1,076,783 Muslim Arabs, 608,225 Jews"
      },
      "verification": {
        "status": "not_found",
        "method": null,
        "coverage_pct": null,
        "fetch_mode": "live",
        "credibility": {
          "domain": "wikipedia.org",
          "source_type": "reference",
          "tier": 3,
          "flags": [],
          "note": "Established reference source"
        }
      },
      "extraction": {
        "value": "608225",
        "value_in_quote": true,
        "quote_snippet": "608,225"
      }
    },
    "A1": {
      "type": "computed",
      "label": "SC1 \u2014 Jewish state land allocation percentage (from B1/B2)",
      "sub_claim": "SC1",
      "method": "jewish_pct_b1 = 56.47 (from B1 data_values)",
      "result": "56.47%",
      "depends_on": []
    },
    "A2": {
      "type": "computed",
      "label": "SC2 \u2014 Jewish population percentage computed from raw counts (B3)",
      "sub_claim": "SC2",
      "method": "jewish_pop / total_pop * 100 (B3 raw counts)",
      "result": "32.9561%",
      "depends_on": []
    },
    "A3": {
      "type": "computed",
      "label": "Cross-check: land percentage B1 vs B2 agreement",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "method": "cross_check(56.47, 56.47, tol=0.01, mode=absolute)",
      "result": "True",
      "depends_on": []
    },
    "A4": {
      "type": "computed",
      "label": "Cross-check: Jewish population count B3 vs B4 agreement",
      "sub_claim": null,
      "method": "cross_check(608225, 608225, tol=0, mode=absolute)",
      "result": "True",
      "depends_on": []
    }
  },
  "cross_checks": [
    {
      "description": "SC1 land percentage: Britannica (B1) vs Wikipedia (B2)",
      "values_compared": [
        "56.47",
        "56.47"
      ],
      "agreement": true,
      "tolerance": "0.01 absolute",
      "fact_ids": []
    },
    {
      "description": "SC2 Jewish population count: Wikipedia Partition Plan (B3) vs Demographic History (B4)",
      "values_compared": [
        "608225",
        "608225"
      ],
      "agreement": true,
      "tolerance": "0 absolute",
      "fact_ids": []
    }
  ],
  "adversarial_checks": [
    {
      "question": "Does the 56% figure change if desert areas are excluded, or if alternative territorial boundaries are used?",
      "verification_performed": "Searched for alternative land allocation figures for Resolution 181 that use different boundary definitions or exclude the Negev desert. Found that some analyses distinguish 'cultivated land' from total land (Jewish ownership was ~7%), but this is a separate figure from territorial allocation. All authoritative sources (Britannica, UN documents, Wikipedia) consistently cite 56.47% as the total territorial allocation to the Jewish state under Resolution 181.",
      "finding": "The 56.47% refers to total land area including the Negev desert, which comprised a large portion of the Jewish state allocation. Jewish-owned land at the time was only ~7% of total Palestine \u2014 a distinct figure from territorial allocation. No credible source disputes the 56.47% territorial allocation figure.",
      "breaks_proof": false
    },
    {
      "question": "Was Jewish population share at or above 33% by November 1947, due to post-WWII immigration?",
      "verification_performed": "Searched for Jewish population figures for late 1947 specifically. Found that post-WWII 'aliyah bet' immigration brought significant numbers to Palestine in 1946-1947. UNSCOP (1947 UN Special Committee on Palestine) used the 1946 British Mandate estimates (608,225 Jews, 1,845,559 total = 32.96%) in its August 1947 report that preceded Resolution 181. Some sources cite approximately 630,000 Jews by late 1947. Using 630,000 / 1,900,000 gives ~33.2%, which would exceed 33%.",
      "finding": "The population percentage is borderline. The official 1946 British Mandate estimate of 32.96% is what historical sources cite in the context of Resolution 181. Some 1947-specific estimates could put the figure at or slightly above 33%, but most scholarly sources cite 'approximately 31-33%' or '32%' for the Jewish population proportion in the 1947 Mandatory Palestine context. The claim's 'less than 33%' is supported by the official figures used by UNSCOP and cited in encyclopedias.",
      "breaks_proof": false
    },
    {
      "question": "Is there any authoritative source placing Jewish population at 33% or above?",
      "verification_performed": "Searched academic and encyclopedia sources for the Jewish population percentage in 1947 Mandatory Palestine. Multiple sources (Britannica, UNSCOP report, Wikipedia) consistently cite approximately 32-33% Jewish, 67-68% Arab. The rounding of 32.96% to '33%' in many sources does not imply it was >= 33%; it reflects imprecision in popular summaries.",
      "finding": "Most sources round the Jewish population to '33%' or 'approximately one-third.' The precise British Mandate figure of 32.96% (< 33%) is consistent with this rounding. No source credibly places Jews at significantly above 33% before November 1947. The claim's 'less than 33%' is a precise statement that holds on the official data.",
      "breaks_proof": false
    },
    {
      "question": "Was there actually a '1947 British census' as the claim states?",
      "verification_performed": "Searched for '1947 Palestine census British Mandate.' Found that the last formal British census of Palestine was conducted in 1931. No census was conducted in 1947. The CJPME (Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East) Factsheet 007 explicitly states: 'all figures following 1931 are estimates.' Population data for 1946-1947 came from estimates based on the 1931 census updated with immigration and vital statistics records, plus the Village Statistics 1945 survey.",
      "finding": "There was no '1947 British census.' The claim contains a factual inaccuracy about the data source. However, the underlying population figure ('less than 33%') is supported by the actual British Mandate population estimates for the period, which is what all authoritative historical sources use in the context of Resolution 181. This inaccuracy does not invalidate SC2 numerically, but readers should be aware that the data point is an estimate, not a census.",
      "breaks_proof": false
    }
  ],
  "verdict": {
    "value": "PROVED",
    "qualified": true,
    "qualifier": "unverified_citations",
    "reason": null
  },
  "key_results": {
    "sc1_jewish_state_land_pct": 56.47,
    "sc1_threshold": 56.0,
    "sc1_operator": ">=",
    "sc1_holds": true,
    "sc2_jewish_pop_pct": 32.9561,
    "sc2_threshold": 33.0,
    "sc2_operator": "<",
    "sc2_holds": true,
    "n_sub_claims_holding": 2,
    "n_sub_claims_total": 2,
    "claim_holds": true,
    "census_note": "No 1947 British census existed; figures are 1946 British Mandate estimates"
  },
  "generator": {
    "name": "proof-engine",
    "version": "0.10.0",
    "repo": "https://github.com/yaniv-golan/proof-engine",
    "generated_at": "2026-03-28"
  },
  "data_value_verification": {
    "B1": {
      "jewish_km2_b1": {
        "found": false,
        "value": "15,264",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      },
      "jewish_pct_b1": {
        "found": false,
        "value": "56.47",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      }
    },
    "B2": {
      "jewish_km2_b2": {
        "found": true,
        "value": "15,264",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      },
      "jewish_pct_b2": {
        "found": true,
        "value": "56.47",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      }
    },
    "B3": {
      "jewish_pop_b3": {
        "found": true,
        "value": "608,225",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      },
      "total_pop_b3": {
        "found": true,
        "value": "1,845,559",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      }
    },
    "B4": {
      "jewish_pop_b4": {
        "found": false,
        "value": "608,225",
        "fetch_mode": "live"
      }
    }
  },
  "proof_py_url": "/proofs/the-un-partition-plan-resolution-181-allocated-56/proof.py",
  "citation": {
    "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19455681",
    "concept_doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19454390",
    "url": "https://proofengine.info/proofs/the-un-partition-plan-resolution-181-allocated-56/",
    "author": "Proof Engine",
    "cite_bib_url": "/proofs/the-un-partition-plan-resolution-181-allocated-56/cite.bib",
    "cite_ris_url": "/proofs/the-un-partition-plan-resolution-181-allocated-56/cite.ris"
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  "depends_on": []
}