{
  "prefix": {
    "pe": "https://proofengine.info/proofs/training-and-running-today-s-frontier-ai-models-co/",
    "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
    "schema": "http://schema.org/"
  },
  "entity": {
    "pe:claim": {
      "prov:type": "pe:Claim",
      "prov:label": "Training and running today's frontier AI models consumes more electricity than entire small countries.",
      "prov:value": "Training and running today's frontier AI models consumes more electricity than entire small countries."
    },
    "pe:evidence-B1": {
      "prov:type": "pe:EmpiricalEvidence",
      "prov:label": "IEA 2025: typical AI-focused data centre = 100,000 US-equivalent households",
      "pe:factId": "B1",
      "pe:evidenceType": "empirical",
      "pe:sourceUrl": "https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/executive-summary",
      "pe:sourceName": "International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy and AI 2025 report, Executive Summary"
    },
    "pe:evidence-B2": {
      "prov:type": "pe:EmpiricalEvidence",
      "prov:label": "EIA: US average household electricity = 10,500 kWh/year",
      "pe:factId": "B2",
      "pe:evidenceType": "empirical",
      "pe:sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricity-use-in-homes.php",
      "pe:sourceName": "U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electricity Use in Homes"
    },
    "pe:evidence-B3": {
      "prov:type": "pe:EmpiricalEvidence",
      "prov:label": "WorldData.info: Nauru total electricity = 37.89 million kWh/year (= 37.89 GWh)",
      "pe:factId": "B3",
      "pe:evidenceType": "empirical",
      "pe:sourceUrl": "https://www.worlddata.info/oceania/nauru/energy-consumption.php",
      "pe:sourceName": "WorldData.info: Nauru Energy Consumption"
    },
    "pe:evidence-B4": {
      "prov:type": "pe:EmpiricalEvidence",
      "prov:label": "WorldData.info: Iceland total electricity = 19.58 billion kWh/year (= 19,580 GWh)",
      "pe:factId": "B4",
      "pe:evidenceType": "empirical",
      "pe:sourceUrl": "https://www.worlddata.info/europe/iceland/energy-consumption.php",
      "pe:sourceName": "WorldData.info: Iceland Energy Consumption"
    },
    "pe:evidence-B5": {
      "prov:type": "pe:EmpiricalEvidence",
      "prov:label": "Harding & Moreno-Cruz 2025 (ERL): US AI electricity comparable to Iceland's energy",
      "pe:factId": "B5",
      "pe:evidenceType": "empirical",
      "pe:sourceUrl": "https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/03/260318033103.htm",
      "pe:sourceName": "ScienceDaily: Harding & Moreno-Cruz, 'Watts and bots: the energy implications of AI adoption', Environmental Research Letters Vol. 20 No. 11 (2025)"
    },
    "pe:evidence-A1": {
      "prov:type": "pe:ComputedEvidence",
      "prov:label": "Typical AI data centre annual electricity (GWh): 100,000 \u00d7 10,500 kWh \u00f7 1,000,000",
      "pe:factId": "A1",
      "pe:evidenceType": "computed",
      "pe:method": "100,000 households (B1) \u00d7 10,500 kWh/household (B2) \u00f7 1,000,000 kWh/GWh",
      "pe:result": "1050.00 GWh"
    },
    "pe:evidence-A2": {
      "prov:type": "pe:ComputedEvidence",
      "prov:label": "Cross-check: Iceland electricity from B4 (GWh) \u2014 upper bound for US AI electricity per B5",
      "pe:factId": "A2",
      "pe:evidenceType": "computed",
      "pe:method": "Iceland electricity (B4) used as proxy for US AI electricity per Harding & Moreno-Cruz 2025 (B5)",
      "pe:result": "19,580 GWh"
    },
    "pe:verdict": {
      "prov:type": "pe:Verdict",
      "prov:label": "Verdict: PROVED",
      "prov:value": "PROVED",
      "pe:doi": "10.5281/zenodo.19455687"
    }
  },
  "activity": {
    "pe:verify-B1": {
      "prov:type": "pe:CitationVerification",
      "prov:label": "Verify B1: International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy and AI 2025 report, Executive Summary",
      "pe:status": "verified",
      "pe:method": "full_quote",
      "pe:fetchMode": "live"
    },
    "pe:verify-B2": {
      "prov:type": "pe:CitationVerification",
      "prov:label": "Verify B2: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electricity Use in Homes",
      "pe:status": "verified",
      "pe:method": "full_quote",
      "pe:fetchMode": "live"
    },
    "pe:verify-B3": {
      "prov:type": "pe:CitationVerification",
      "prov:label": "Verify B3: WorldData.info: Nauru Energy Consumption",
      "pe:status": "verified",
      "pe:method": "full_quote",
      "pe:fetchMode": "live"
    },
    "pe:verify-B4": {
      "prov:type": "pe:CitationVerification",
      "prov:label": "Verify B4: WorldData.info: Iceland Energy Consumption",
      "pe:status": "verified",
      "pe:method": "full_quote",
      "pe:fetchMode": "live"
    },
    "pe:verify-B5": {
      "prov:type": "pe:CitationVerification",
      "prov:label": "Verify B5: ScienceDaily: Harding & Moreno-Cruz, 'Watts and bots: the energy implications of AI adoption', Environmental Research Letters Vol. 20 No. 11 (2025)",
      "pe:status": "verified",
      "pe:method": "full_quote",
      "pe:fetchMode": "live"
    },
    "pe:determine-verdict": {
      "prov:type": "pe:VerdictDetermination",
      "prov:label": "Determine verdict from evidence",
      "prov:endTime": "2026-03-28"
    }
  },
  "agent": {
    "pe:proof-engine": {
      "prov:type": "prov:SoftwareAgent",
      "prov:label": "Proof Engine",
      "schema:version": "0.10.0",
      "schema:url": "https://github.com/yaniv-golan/proof-engine"
    }
  },
  "wasGeneratedBy": {
    "pe:gen-B1": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B1",
      "prov:activity": "pe:verify-B1"
    },
    "pe:gen-B2": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B2",
      "prov:activity": "pe:verify-B2"
    },
    "pe:gen-B3": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B3",
      "prov:activity": "pe:verify-B3"
    },
    "pe:gen-B4": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B4",
      "prov:activity": "pe:verify-B4"
    },
    "pe:gen-B5": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B5",
      "prov:activity": "pe:verify-B5"
    },
    "pe:gen-verdict": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:verdict",
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict"
    }
  },
  "wasDerivedFrom": {},
  "wasAttributedTo": {
    "pe:attr-verdict": {
      "prov:entity": "pe:verdict",
      "prov:agent": "pe:proof-engine"
    }
  },
  "used": {
    "pe:used-B1": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B1"
    },
    "pe:used-B2": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B2"
    },
    "pe:used-B3": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B3"
    },
    "pe:used-B4": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B4"
    },
    "pe:used-B5": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-B5"
    },
    "pe:used-A1": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-A1"
    },
    "pe:used-A2": {
      "prov:activity": "pe:determine-verdict",
      "prov:entity": "pe:evidence-A2"
    }
  }
}