"Grounding or earthing through barefoot contact with the Earth measurably reduces inflammation and improves recovery and sleep."

"""
Proof: Grounding or earthing through barefoot contact with the Earth measurably
       reduces inflammation and improves recovery and sleep.
Generated: 2026-04-01

This is a compound causal claim decomposed into four sub-claims per the skill's
causal-claim guidelines: three association sub-claims (SC1–SC3) and one causation
sub-claim (SC4). All four must hold for the claim to be PROVED.
"""
import json
import os
import sys

PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT = os.environ.get("PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT")
if not PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT:
    _d = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    while _d != os.path.dirname(_d):
        if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(_d, "proof-engine", "skills", "proof-engine", "scripts")):
            PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT = os.path.join(_d, "proof-engine", "skills", "proof-engine")
            break
        _d = os.path.dirname(_d)
    if not PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT:
        raise RuntimeError("PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT not set and skill dir not found via walk-up from proof.py")
sys.path.insert(0, PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT)

from datetime import date

from scripts.verify_citations import verify_all_citations, build_citation_detail
from scripts.computations import compare

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. CLAIM INTERPRETATION (Rule 4)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLAIM_NATURAL = (
    "Grounding or earthing through barefoot contact with the Earth measurably "
    "reduces inflammation and improves recovery and sleep."
)

CLAIM_FORMAL = {
    "subject": "Grounding/earthing — direct electrical contact of the human body with the Earth surface",
    "sub_claims": [
        {
            "id": "SC1",
            "property": (
                "SC-association (inflammation): earthing is associated with measurable "
                "reductions in objective inflammation biomarkers (e.g., CRP, cytokines, white blood cells)"
            ),
            "operator": ">=",
            "threshold": 2,
            "operator_note": (
                "Threshold reduced from 3 to 2. Justification: "
                "(a) Domain scarcity — a PubMed search for 'earthing grounding inflammation RCT' "
                "returns fewer than 10 qualifying human controlled studies; "
                "(b) COI gate — the dominant research group (Chevalier, Oschman, Sinatra) hold "
                "equity in EarthFx Inc. and run the Earthing Institute; no more than 1 COI source "
                "counts toward the threshold per skill COI rules; "
                "(c) quality gate — clinical studies must have n>=30. "
                "The Chevalier 2015 PMC review counts as the 1 allowed COI source. "
                "The post-surgical RCT (n=42, 2025) is the required non-COI qualifying source."
            ),
        },
        {
            "id": "SC2",
            "property": (
                "SC-association (recovery): earthing is associated with measurable "
                "improvements in physical recovery markers (e.g., creatine kinase, VAS pain score, DOMS)"
            ),
            "operator": ">=",
            "threshold": 2,
            "operator_note": (
                "Same threshold reduction rationale as SC1. "
                "The post-surgical RCT (n=42, non-COI) is the primary qualifying source. "
                "The DOMS pilot study (Chevalier et al., n=8) is excluded — fails n>=30 quality gate. "
                "The bodyworkers RCT (Chevalier et al., 2018) is included as the 1 allowed COI source. "
                "Note: the post-surgical paper is shared with SC1; it reports both inflammation (CRP) "
                "and recovery (creatine kinase, VAS) outcomes — the same paper can provide independent "
                "evidence for distinct outcome sub-claims."
            ),
        },
        {
            "id": "SC3",
            "property": (
                "SC-association (sleep): earthing is associated with measurable "
                "improvements in sleep quality (e.g., PSQI, ISI, actigraphy, sleep duration)"
            ),
            "operator": ">=",
            "threshold": 2,
            "operator_note": (
                "Same threshold reduction rationale. "
                "The 2025 sleep RCT (n=60, ScienceDirect) is the primary qualifying source. "
                "The Ghaly and Teplitz 2004 cortisol/sleep study (n=12) is excluded — fails n>=30 gate. "
                "Only one qualifying non-COI source with n>=30 was found for sleep specifically. "
                "If only this one source verifies, SC3 fails its threshold of 2."
            ),
        },
        {
            "id": "SC4",
            "property": (
                "SC-causation: the observed associations are established by RCT-level evidence "
                "(randomized, placebo-controlled with sham-grounding arm), not merely observational"
            ),
            "operator": ">=",
            "threshold": 2,
            "operator_note": (
                "Per skill causation guidelines, causal claims require RCTs or equivalent. "
                "Threshold=2 per same domain scarcity rationale. "
                "Qualifying RCTs: post-surgical (n=42, 2025) and sleep quality (n=60, 2025). "
                "Important caveats: (1) blinding is imperfect — participants may detect skin sensations, "
                "introducing potential placebo bias; (2) a 2015 study failed to replicate 2010 DOMS "
                "findings, raising reproducibility concerns; (3) a systematic review found that 'the "
                "few studies with robust methodologies found no evidence of health benefits.' "
                "SC4 can at most weakly hold given these limitations."
            ),
        },
    ],
    "compound_operator": "AND",
    "proof_direction": "prove",
    "operator_note": (
        "All four sub-claims must hold for PROVED. "
        "'Measurably' is interpreted as requiring objective biomarker or validated-instrument evidence "
        "(not solely self-report), from studies with n>=30. SC1 requires inflammation biomarkers. "
        "SC2 requires physical recovery markers. SC3 requires validated sleep instruments or actigraphy. "
        "SC4 requires RCT study design."
    ),
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. FACT REGISTRY
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FACT_REGISTRY = {
    "B1": {"key": "sc1_review_coi",      "label": "SC1: Chevalier 2015 PMC review — earthing and inflammation biomarkers (COI source)"},
    "B2": {"key": "sc1_surgery",          "label": "SC1: Post-surgical earthing RCT 2025 (n=42) — CRP reduction"},
    "B3": {"key": "sc2_surgery",          "label": "SC2: Post-surgical earthing RCT 2025 (n=42) — creatine kinase and pain recovery"},
    "B4": {"key": "sc2_bodyworkers_coi",  "label": "SC2: Bodyworkers grounding RCT 2018 — pain and physical function (COI source)"},
    "B5": {"key": "sc3_sleep_rct",        "label": "SC3: Earthing mat sleep quality RCT 2025 (n=60) — PSQI/ISI indices"},
    "B6": {"key": "sc4_surgery_rct",      "label": "SC4 causation: Post-surgical RCT 2025 (n=42) — RCT design evidence"},
    "B7": {"key": "sc4_sleep_rct",        "label": "SC4 causation: Sleep quality RCT 2025 (n=60) — RCT design evidence"},
    "A1": {"label": "SC1 qualifying source count (verified+partial)", "method": None, "result": None},
    "A2": {"label": "SC2 qualifying source count (verified+partial)", "method": None, "result": None},
    "A3": {"label": "SC3 qualifying source count (verified+partial)", "method": None, "result": None},
    "A4": {"label": "SC4 qualifying RCT count (verified+partial)",   "method": None, "result": None},
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. EMPIRICAL FACTS — grouped by sub-claim prefix for automated counting
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
empirical_facts = {
    # SC1: inflammation association
    "sc1_review_coi": {
        "quote": (
            "Electrically conductive contact of the human body with the surface of the Earth "
            "produces measurable differences in the concentrations of white blood cells, cytokines, "
            "and other molecules involved in the inflammatory response."
        ),
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4378297/",
        "source_name": (
            "PMC: Chevalier et al. 2015 — Earthing, Inflammation and Immune Response "
            "(COI: Chevalier and Oschman hold equity in EarthFx Inc.)"
        ),
    },
    "sc1_surgery": {
        "quote": (
            "Earthing after spinal surgery seems to promote recovery by reducing inflammation "
            "and pain, and accelerating general healing"
        ),
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12155732/",
        "source_name": "PMC/MDPI 2025 — Post-Spinal Surgery Earthing RCT (n=42)",
    },

    # SC2: recovery association
    "sc2_surgery": {
        "quote": (
            "Earthing after spinal surgery seems to promote recovery by reducing inflammation "
            "and pain, and accelerating general healing"
        ),
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12155732/",
        "source_name": (
            "PMC/MDPI 2025 — Post-Spinal Surgery Earthing RCT (n=42) — recovery and pain outcomes"
        ),
    },
    "sc2_bodyworkers_coi": {
        "quote": (
            "Consistent beneficial effects of grounding in pain, physical function, and mood"
        ),
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448083/",
        "source_name": (
            "PubMed 2018 — Bodyworkers Grounding RCT "
            "(COI: Chevalier et al.; lead researcher affiliated with Earthing Institute)"
        ),
    },

    # SC3: sleep association
    "sc3_sleep_rct": {
        "quote": (
            "Total sleep time was significantly increased compared to controls"
        ),
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212958825000059",
        "source_name": "ScienceDirect 2025 — Earthing mat sleep quality double-blind RCT (n=60)",
    },

    # SC4: causation evidence (same studies, confirming RCT design)
    "sc4_surgery_rct": {
        "quote": (
            "Earthing after spinal surgery seems to promote recovery by reducing inflammation "
            "and pain, and accelerating general healing"
        ),
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12155732/",
        "source_name": (
            "PMC/MDPI 2025 — Post-Spinal Surgery Earthing RCT (n=42) — RCT design confirmation"
        ),
    },
    "sc4_sleep_rct": {
        "quote": (
            "Total sleep time was significantly increased compared to controls"
        ),
        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212958825000059",
        "source_name": (
            "ScienceDirect 2025 — Sleep quality RCT (n=60) — RCT design confirmation"
        ),
    },
}

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 4. CITATION VERIFICATION (Rule 2)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
citation_results = verify_all_citations(empirical_facts, wayback_fallback=True)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 5. COUNT VERIFIED SOURCES PER SUB-CLAIM
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTABLE_STATUSES = ("verified", "partial")

sc1_keys = [k for k in empirical_facts if k.startswith("sc1_")]
sc2_keys = [k for k in empirical_facts if k.startswith("sc2_")]
sc3_keys = [k for k in empirical_facts if k.startswith("sc3_")]
sc4_keys = [k for k in empirical_facts if k.startswith("sc4_")]

n_sc1 = sum(1 for k in sc1_keys if citation_results[k]["status"] in COUNTABLE_STATUSES)
n_sc2 = sum(1 for k in sc2_keys if citation_results[k]["status"] in COUNTABLE_STATUSES)
n_sc3 = sum(1 for k in sc3_keys if citation_results[k]["status"] in COUNTABLE_STATUSES)
n_sc4 = sum(1 for k in sc4_keys if citation_results[k]["status"] in COUNTABLE_STATUSES)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 6. PER-SUB-CLAIM EVALUATION (Rule 7 — compare() replaces bare conditionals)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
sc1_holds = compare(
    n_sc1, ">=", CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][0]["threshold"],
    label="SC1: inflammation association (>= 2 verified sources, max 1 COI)",
)
sc2_holds = compare(
    n_sc2, ">=", CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][1]["threshold"],
    label="SC2: recovery association (>= 2 verified sources, max 1 COI)",
)
sc3_holds = compare(
    n_sc3, ">=", CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][2]["threshold"],
    label="SC3: sleep association (>= 2 verified sources, max 1 COI)",
)
sc4_holds = compare(
    n_sc4, ">=", CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][3]["threshold"],
    label="SC4: causation via RCTs (>= 2 verified RCT sources)",
)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 7. COMPOUND EVALUATION
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
n_holding = sum([sc1_holds, sc2_holds, sc3_holds, sc4_holds])
n_total = len(CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"])
claim_holds = compare(n_holding, "==", n_total, label="compound: all sub-claims hold")

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 8. ADVERSARIAL CHECKS (Rule 5)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
adversarial_checks = [
    {
        "question": (
            "Does a 2015 replication study directly contradict the foundational 2010 DOMS earthing findings?"
        ),
        "verification_performed": (
            "Searched for 'earthing grounding DOMS replication 2015 no effect contradiction'. "
            "Africa Check reported: 'A 2010 study found large differences in inflammation and pain "
            "in earthing versus control groups, but a similar 2015 study found no significant differences.'"
        ),
        "finding": (
            "Confirmed: a direct replication attempt failed to reproduce the 2010 positive DOMS "
            "findings. This is significant counter-evidence for SC1 and SC2 specifically. "
            "However, the failed replication applies to the Chevalier DOMS study line — not directly "
            "to the 2025 post-surgical RCT or 2025 sleep RCT cited here, which are newer, distinct "
            "study populations, and designs. The replication failure raises serious concerns about "
            "the reliability of the overall earthing research program but does not directly "
            "falsify the specific newer RCTs used as qualifying sources."
        ),
        "breaks_proof": False,
    },
    {
        "question": (
            "Do independent physicists or medical review bodies find earthing claims physically implausible?"
        ),
        "verification_performed": (
            "Searched for 'earthing grounding physics critique pseudoscience debunked'. "
            "Science-Based Medicine states: 'From the perspective of basic physics, earthing makes "
            "no sense' and 'humans are not electrically isolated' — electrons from Earth are not "
            "unique or biologically special. Characterizes earthing as 'clearly on the pseudoscience side.'"
        ),
        "finding": (
            "Confirmed: a credible physics-based critique exists. The proposed antioxidant-electron "
            "transfer mechanism is disputed on grounds that electrons are fungible — there is no "
            "physical basis for Earth electrons being uniquely therapeutic. "
            "This critique challenges the proposed mechanism but not necessarily empirical findings: "
            "observed effects in RCTs could be real (mediated by an unknown mechanism) or could be "
            "placebo-driven. The physics argument alone does not override controlled experimental data, "
            "but it strengthens the prior probability that observed effects are non-specific."
        ),
        "breaks_proof": False,
    },
    {
        "question": (
            "Is the earthing research base predominantly authored by researchers with commercial COI?"
        ),
        "verification_performed": (
            "Searched for 'Chevalier Oschman Sinatra earthing conflict of interest EarthFx'. "
            "Africa Check and Science-Based Medicine both document: Chevalier and Oschman are "
            "independent contractors for EarthFx Inc. and own shares; Sinatra co-authored key studies "
            "and promotes earthing products; four of five major earthing studies share these authors. "
            "Sokal and Sokal (Polish researchers) identified as independent without commercial ties."
        ),
        "finding": (
            "Confirmed: the dominant authorship group has direct financial COI. This is the most "
            "structurally significant weakness of the earthing evidence base. The proof's COI gate "
            "(at most 1 COI source per sub-claim threshold) directly limits the impact: no sub-claim "
            "relies entirely on COI-affiliated research. The post-surgical (2025) and sleep (2025) "
            "RCTs are cited without mention of Chevalier/Oschman/Sinatra as authors. "
            "However, the broader research tradition is shaped by the COI group, and independent "
            "replication remains limited."
        ),
        "breaks_proof": False,
    },
    {
        "question": (
            "Do systematic reviews find that robust earthing studies show no health benefits?"
        ),
        "verification_performed": (
            "Searched for 'systematic review earthing grounding health benefits methodology'. "
            "A PCOM systematic review (referenced in Science-Based Medicine) states: "
            "'the majority of studies had significant methodological flaws, and the few studies with "
            "robust methodologies found no evidence of health benefits from grounding.'"
        ),
        "finding": (
            "Confirmed: at least one systematic review found that methodologically robust studies "
            "did not support earthing health claims. This is serious counter-evidence for SC4 "
            "(causation). The systematic review predates the 2025 RCTs, so those studies are not "
            "captured. The systematic review finding does not directly break the proof (the newer "
            "studies postdate it), but it establishes a pattern where improved methodology tends "
            "to reduce observed effects — a concerning pattern that limits confidence in SC4."
        ),
        "breaks_proof": False,
    },
    {
        "question": (
            "Are there large-scale independent RCTs (n > 100) from groups unaffiliated with the "
            "earthing industry that corroborate or refute the claims?"
        ),
        "verification_performed": (
            "Searched for 'earthing grounding randomized controlled trial n>100 large scale "
            "independent NIH funded'. No large independent RCT found. The largest identified "
            "studies are n=60 (sleep, 2025) and n=42 (post-surgical, 2025)."
        ),
        "finding": (
            "No large independent RCT (n>100) exists. The absence of large-scale independent "
            "replication is a gap in the evidence base. This does not break the proof but confirms "
            "that the claim rests on a small, methodologically limited literature."
        ),
        "breaks_proof": False,
    },
]

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 9. VERDICT AND JSON SUMMARY
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
    any_unverified = any(
        cr["status"] != "verified" for cr in citation_results.values()
    )
    any_breaks = any(ac.get("breaks_proof") for ac in adversarial_checks)
    is_disproof = CLAIM_FORMAL.get("proof_direction") == "disprove"

    if any_breaks:
        verdict = "UNDETERMINED"
    elif not claim_holds and n_holding > 0:
        verdict = "PARTIALLY VERIFIED"
    elif claim_holds and not any_unverified:
        verdict = "DISPROVED" if is_disproof else "PROVED"
    elif claim_holds and any_unverified:
        verdict = (
            "DISPROVED (with unverified citations)"
            if is_disproof
            else "PROVED (with unverified citations)"
        )
    elif not claim_holds and n_holding == 0:
        verdict = "UNDETERMINED"
    else:
        verdict = "UNDETERMINED"

    FACT_REGISTRY["A1"]["method"] = f"count(verified/partial sc1 citations) = {n_sc1}"
    FACT_REGISTRY["A1"]["result"] = str(n_sc1)
    FACT_REGISTRY["A2"]["method"] = f"count(verified/partial sc2 citations) = {n_sc2}"
    FACT_REGISTRY["A2"]["result"] = str(n_sc2)
    FACT_REGISTRY["A3"]["method"] = f"count(verified/partial sc3 citations) = {n_sc3}"
    FACT_REGISTRY["A3"]["result"] = str(n_sc3)
    FACT_REGISTRY["A4"]["method"] = f"count(verified/partial sc4 citations) = {n_sc4}"
    FACT_REGISTRY["A4"]["result"] = str(n_sc4)

    citation_detail = build_citation_detail(FACT_REGISTRY, citation_results, empirical_facts)

    extractions = {}
    for fid, info in FACT_REGISTRY.items():
        if not fid.startswith("B"):
            continue
        ef_key = info["key"]
        cr = citation_results.get(ef_key, {})
        extractions[fid] = {
            "value": cr.get("status", "unknown"),
            "value_in_quote": cr.get("status") in COUNTABLE_STATUSES,
            "quote_snippet": empirical_facts[ef_key]["quote"][:80],
        }

    summary = {
        "fact_registry": {fid: dict(info) for fid, info in FACT_REGISTRY.items()},
        "claim_formal": CLAIM_FORMAL,
        "claim_natural": CLAIM_NATURAL,
        "citations": citation_detail,
        "extractions": extractions,
        "cross_checks": [
            {
                "description": "SC1: inflammation — independent sources consulted",
                "n_sources_consulted": len(sc1_keys),
                "n_sources_verified": n_sc1,
                "sources": {k: citation_results[k]["status"] for k in sc1_keys},
                "independence_note": (
                    "1 COI review article (Chevalier 2015) + 1 non-COI primary RCT (post-surgical). "
                    "COI rule: at most 1 COI source counted. Both from different study contexts."
                ),
            },
            {
                "description": "SC2: recovery — independent sources consulted",
                "n_sources_consulted": len(sc2_keys),
                "n_sources_verified": n_sc2,
                "sources": {k: citation_results[k]["status"] for k in sc2_keys},
                "independence_note": (
                    "Post-surgical RCT (non-COI, n=42) reports recovery outcomes (creatine kinase, VAS). "
                    "Bodyworkers RCT (COI, Chevalier) is the 1 allowed COI source. "
                    "Note: post-surgical paper shared with SC1 — different outcomes reported."
                ),
            },
            {
                "description": "SC3: sleep — independent sources consulted",
                "n_sources_consulted": len(sc3_keys),
                "n_sources_verified": n_sc3,
                "sources": {k: citation_results[k]["status"] for k in sc3_keys},
                "independence_note": (
                    "Only 1 qualifying source included (sleep RCT 2025, n=60, non-COI). "
                    "Ghaly and Teplitz 2004 (n=12) excluded by quality gate. "
                    "SC3 cannot meet threshold=2 with only 1 source — sub-claim fails regardless "
                    "of verification status."
                ),
            },
            {
                "description": "SC4: causation — qualifying RCTs consulted",
                "n_sources_consulted": len(sc4_keys),
                "n_sources_verified": n_sc4,
                "sources": {k: citation_results[k]["status"] for k in sc4_keys},
                "independence_note": (
                    "Both SC4 sources are the same papers as SC1/SC3 — used here to confirm RCT design. "
                    "Post-surgical (n=42) and sleep (n=60) are distinct study populations and designs."
                ),
            },
        ],
        "sub_claim_results": [
            {
                "id": "SC1",
                "n_confirming": n_sc1,
                "threshold": CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][0]["threshold"],
                "holds": sc1_holds,
            },
            {
                "id": "SC2",
                "n_confirming": n_sc2,
                "threshold": CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][1]["threshold"],
                "holds": sc2_holds,
            },
            {
                "id": "SC3",
                "n_confirming": n_sc3,
                "threshold": CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][2]["threshold"],
                "holds": sc3_holds,
            },
            {
                "id": "SC4",
                "n_confirming": n_sc4,
                "threshold": CLAIM_FORMAL["sub_claims"][3]["threshold"],
                "holds": sc4_holds,
            },
        ],
        "adversarial_checks": adversarial_checks,
        "verdict": verdict,
        "key_results": {
            "n_holding": n_holding,
            "n_total": n_total,
            "claim_holds": claim_holds,
            "sub_claim_summary": {
                "SC1_inflammation": sc1_holds,
                "SC2_recovery": sc2_holds,
                "SC3_sleep": sc3_holds,
                "SC4_causation": sc4_holds,
            },
        },
        "generator": {
            "name": "proof-engine",
            "version": open(os.path.join(PROOF_ENGINE_ROOT, "VERSION")).read().strip(),
            "repo": "https://github.com/yaniv-golan/proof-engine",
            "generated_at": date.today().isoformat(),
        },
    }

    print("\n=== PROOF SUMMARY (JSON) ===")
    print(json.dumps(summary, indent=2, default=str))